The nationwide strike, called by France's major unions, is the latest in a series of protests that started last month amid political turmoil and heated budget talks.
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Protesters took to the streets of more than 200 towns and cities across France on Thursday to denounce spending cuts and demand higher taxes on the rich.
In Paris, thousands of workers, retirees and students started marching on Thursday afternoon from Place d'Italie with the Eiffel Tower informing visitors in a statement it was closed due to the strike.
The nationwide strike, called by France's major unions, is the latest in a series of protests that started last month amid political turmoil and heated budget talks.
Unions are urging Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu to abandon draft budget measures proposed by his predecessor, which include social welfare freezes and austerity measures that many say will further erode the purchasing power of low-paid and middle-class workers.
They also call for higher taxes on France's wealthiest citizens.
Lecornu, appointed last month, has not yet unveiled the details of his budget plans and has yet to appoint his government ministers, which is expected in the coming days.
The deeply divided parliament is to debate the budget bill by the end of the year.
Government collapse
The previous minority government, led by François Bayrou, collapsed in early September after losing a crucial confidence vote in parliament.
Bayrou had proposed a series of unpopular measures in a bid to reign in France’s fragile public finances.
Last year's deficit reached 5.8% of GDP, nearly double the EU ceiling of 3%, while national debt now stands at more than €3.3 trillion, roughly 114% of economic output.
Bayrou had argued that drastic cuts were unavoidable, putting forward a plan to slash €44 billion in spending by 2026, partly by scrapping two public holidays.
Sophie Binet, head of the CGT union, said on Thursday: "It's true, it’s the first time that there are three days of strikes and protests in a month without a government or budget. It shows the level of social anger."
Speaking to the news broadcaster BFM TV, she was asked about the timing of the latest action.
"Why are we protesting now? Because we feel that it's now that the decisions are being made and we want to be heard."
The French Interior Ministry said 85 000 protesters had taken to the street by midday outside Paris.
SNCF, the national rail company, said high-speed train services were running normally on Thursday while some regional lines were affected by partial disruptions.
In Paris, metro traffic was close to normal but many commuting trains were running at reduced capacity.
Some teachers and healthcare workers have also joined the strike, but overall, early figures appeared to show less people responded to the unions’ call than last month.
On 18 September, more than 500,000 demonstrators marched in France’s towns and cities, including Paris, according to figures from police and interior ministry. Unions reported more than 1 million strikers and protesters nationwide.
The week before, a day of anti-government action across France saw streets choked with smoke, barricades in flames and volleys of tear gas amid the "Block Everything" campaign.