The Houthis’ entry into the war risks further destabilisations to international shipping if the group moves to block the passage of vessels through the Red Sea as it had during Israel’s war on Gaza previously.
Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen entered the month-long war in Iran on Saturday, adding yet another front to an already heavily volatile and rapidly developing situation.
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The group announced on Saturday that it had fired its first barrage of ballistic missiles targeting “sensitive Israeli military sites” in support of Iranian and regional axes’ resistance in Lebanon, Iraq and Palestine.
It comes as about 2,500 US Marines arrive in the region, raising concerns that US President Donald Trump may be considering ground deployment, and also comes as Pakistan’s government prepares to convene with regional powers on Sunday to discuss how to end the war.
Still, the US and Israel continue to strike Iran, whose retaliatory attacks have targeted Israel and neighbouring Gulf Arab states. More than 3,000 people have been killed across all fronts of the war so far, in Iran, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq and the Gulf countries.
The war, which has now entered its second month, has threatened global supplies of oil and gas, sparked a fertiliser shortage and disrupted air travel in the region. Iran is maintaining its chokehold on the crucial Strait of Hormuz, with it shaking markets and prices internationally.
The Houthis’ entry into the war could now further hurt global shipping if the group again targets shipping vessels in the Bab al-Mandeb Strait off the Red Sea, through which 12 per cent of the world’s trade typically passes.
There could be limited relief however on the horizon after Iran agreed on Friday following a UN request to allow passage of humanitarian aid and agricultural shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, which has been effectively closed since the start of the war on 28 February.
Trump meanwhile has given Tehran until 6 April to reopen the waterway unconditionally or face escalated intensity, saying Iran would be hit “harder than they’ve ever been hit before.” The deadline is also meant to allow for diplomatic efforts to continue searching for a way to halt the fighting.
In Iran, eyewitnesses reported heavy strikes late on Saturday and overnight into Sunday after Israel’s military said it targeted the country’s naval weapons production facilities and that it would conclude attacks on essential weapons production plants within “a few days.”
Iran responded by firing its own wave of missiles and drones at Israel, which the IDF says it intercepted. Gulf states also reported early morning interceptions of fleets of drones and missiles fired from Tehran.
Israel is also continuing its ground operations in Lebanon where IDF troops are continuing to fight Iran-backed Hezbollah elements, in an attempt to, as described by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu “expand the buffer zone to protect northern Israeli communities.”
One Israeli soldier was killed in combat in Lebanon while three others were wounded, bringing the total military fatalities to five since Israel reignited its war with Hezbollah on 2 March.
Meanwhile, Pakistan said Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt will send top diplomats to Islamabad for talks aimed at ending the war, arriving on Sunday for a two-day visit.
Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said he and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian held “extensive discussions” on regional hostilities.
But Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi told his Turkish counterpart by phone that Tehran was sceptical about recent diplomatic efforts. Iranian state-run media said Araghchi accused the US of making “unreasonable demands” and exhibiting “contradictory actions.”
Trump envoy Steve Witkoff said Washington delivered a 15-point “action list” to Iran for a possible ceasefire, with a proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and restrict Iran’s nuclear program, which is the issue at the heart of tensions with the US and Israel.
Tehran rejected the list and presented a five-point proposal that included reparations and recognition of its sovereignty over the waterway.
Islamabad, which has emerged as a possible mediator due to its good relations with both the United States and Iran, say they are focused on bridging gaps between the two sides and ending hostilities and turmoil in the region as quickly as possible.
The death toll after a month of fighting has now surpassed 1,900 in Iran, 1,100 in Lebanon, 22 in the Gulf states, 20 in Israel and 13 US service members.