In pictures: What is summer solstice and how is it celebrated around the world?

In 2022, the summer solstice falls on Tuesday 21 June
In 2022, the summer solstice falls on Tuesday 21 June Copyright AP Photo
Copyright AP Photo
By Theo Farrant
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What exactly does this celestial event entail, and how do people across the globe commemorate it?

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Summer solstice is here! 

But what is it all about and how do people celebrate the solstice around the world? 

The event marks the longest day of the year and the astronomical start of summer. 

In the northern hemisphere, the summer solstice takes place between 20 - 22 June each year. This year it falls on Tuesday, with the UK enjoying 16 hours and 43 minutes of daylight.

The word solstice derives from the Latin "sol" (sun) and "sistere" (to stand still). 

People around the world have long celebrated the occasion with a variety of wonderful cultural festivals and activities.

For the majority of cultures, the day involves enjoying sumptuous feasts, lighting bonfires, singing and dancing to traditional songs, and reconnecting with nature. 

Here's a look at some of the most interesting summer solstice traditions from around the world. 

Sunrise at Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England

Tim Ireland/AP
Sunrise at Stonehenge, Wiltshire, EnglandTim Ireland/AP

One of the oldest and most well-known summer solstice celebrations takes place at Wiltshire's world-famous stone circle, Stonehenge

Each year thousands of druids, pagans and ordinary folk gather to admire the spectacular views of the sunrise over the sacred site.

Incredibly, the historic stones align perfectly with the movement of the sun.

If you stand in the centre of the monument, you can see the sunrise just to the left of a large standing stone outside the stone circle, known as the Heel Stone. 

The purpose of the spectacular boulder formations may still be cloaked in mystery, but they certainly serve as the perfect backdrop for a phenomenal solstice celebration. 

Midsummer, Sweden

Hasse Holmberg/AP
People dance around a maypole as they celebrate midsummer in Grasko, SwedenHasse Holmberg/AP

No other country does the summer solstice quite like the Swedes.

In Sweden, the day of celebrations is known as 'midsummer'. It is most commonly celebrated in the Swedish countryside, in places such as Dalarna, Riksgränsen and the country's second-largest city Gothenburg. 

Midsummer traditionally involves gathering with family and friends, raising and dancing around a maypole, decorating houses with greenery, and enjoying delicious food and drink. 

The tradition is believed to have been celebrated as early as the 1500s and originated as a pagan festival of fertility and of light defeating darkness.

Juhannus (Midsummer), Finland

Heikki Saukkomaa/AP
A bonfire is lit up to celebrate the summer solstice during the Seurasaari open-air museum's Midsummer Eve festival in Helsinki, FinlandHeikki Saukkomaa/AP

Midsummer also occupies a special place in the Finnish calendar.

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The festivities are referred to as Juhannus or Ukko's celebration, in honour of Ukko, the god of the sky, weather, harvest and thunder in Finnish mythology.

In the Nordic country, the burning of huge bonfires on the eve of midsummer has long been a solstice ritual. It is said to keep evil spirits away and ensure a good harvest.

Traditionally the bonfires are burned at lakesides, riversides and by the sea. 

Mass Yoga in New York, United States

Timothy A. Clary/AFP
People do yoga in Times Square during the 17th annual "Solstice in Times Square: Mind Over Madness Yoga," in New YorkTimothy A. Clary/AFP

Each year, thousands of yoga enthusiasts from across the globe flock to Times Square in New York City to celebrate the summer solstice with free yoga classes. 

The annual yoga festival known as "Solstice in Times Square: Mind Over Madness Yoga," was launched in 2003 and designed to keep urban-dwellers centred, focused and present. 

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Mayan ceremony, Tazumal, El Salvador

Luis Romero/AP
Mayan descendants pray during a ceremony in honor of the summer solstice at the archeological site of Tazumal in Chalchuapa, El SalvadorLuis Romero/AP

Modern-day Mayans in El Salvador celebrate the summer solstice by congregating at the ancient Maya site of Tazumal in the northwest of the country. 

The Mayan descendants hold solstice ceremonies to help balance the energy of Mother Earth and to ask for abundant crops. 

In El Salvador, the June solstice is referred to as the winter solstice because it comes during the rainy season, which they consider winter.

Inca Ritual, Bolivia

Juan Karita/AP
Quechua indigenous spiritual guides hold their hands toward Titicaca Lake during a summer solstice ceremony on the Isla del Sol in BoliviaJuan Karita/AP

Each year along the shores of Lake Titicaca on the Isla del Sol in Bolivia, thousands of Quechua indigenous people gather for unique summer solstice ceremonies.

The celebrations include musical performances featuring drums and wind instruments, native dances and rituals to honour Pachamama (Mother Earth). 

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As the first rays of sunlight appear, members of the indigenous community raise their hands, a gesture which symbolises the taking in of good energy. 

The Night of San Juan, Spain

Manu Fernandez/AP
A reveler holds fireworks as he takes part in 'Correfoc' (Run with fire) party during the night of San Juan in Barcelona, SpainManu Fernandez/AP

Celebrating the arrival of summer is one of the largest annual festivals in Spain.

The Night of San Juan (also referred to as the Bonfires of San Juan) is another solstice tradition based around fire, and is held on the eve of 23 June. 

Legend has it that the bonfires burned on this night help cure skin diseases and purify the body and soul.

Traditions vary all over Spain, but fire-jumping is commonplace. The hair-raising (or singeing) activity is believed to bring good luck for the rest of the year, with people commonly jumping at least three times over a bonfire. 

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Water also plays an important role in San Juan rituals. According to tradition, people take a plunge into the ocean at midnight in order to wash away any evil spirits. 

Ivan Kupala Day, Belarus

Sergei Grits/AP
Young Belarusians dance around a campfire on Ivan Kupala Day, near the village of Vasilevichi, BelarusSergei Grits/AP

In eastern Slavic cultures, such as Belarus and Ukraine, the summer solstice is celebrated on Ivan Kupala Day. 

Ivan Kupala Day is traditionally a pagan holiday, involving making flower wreaths, herb collecting, jumping over fires and bathing in rivers. 

The eastern European celebration also gives lovers the opportunity to learn of their romantic fate. 

Young couples hold hands and leap over fires. If they do not separate their hands, it means they are destined to be together. 

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It's customary for young women to wear floral wreaths during the celebrations, a symbol of purity and the blooming of a potential relationship. 

The wreaths are later set sail down a river or lake. 

Check out the video above for a look at some of these spectacular solstice traditions

Video editor • Theo Farrant

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