Nationwide opinion polls in Japan have suggested broad public support for a female emperor, but some conservative political figures remain opposed to the idea.
Japan's parliament on Friday approved a bill to revise the country's Imperial House Law, which sets out the line of succession to the Japanese imperial throne.
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The changes will allow the imperial family to adopt male distant relatives over the age of 15 and for their future sons to become eligible to take the throne. It also enables princesses to keep their royal status after marrying outside of the family.
A ban on female emperors remains in place, however, despite the popularity of Emperor Naruhito's 24-year-old daughter, Princess Aiko, and concerns over the shrinking imperial lineage. The rules mean the imperial line will move to Naruhito's younger brother, the 60-year-old Crown Prince Fumihito, and then to his nephew, Prince Hisahito, 19.
Without further amendments to the law, the current bloodline would end if Hisahito does not have a son.
The male-only succession law dates back to the 1889 Imperial House Law, which established that only men descended through the paternal line could become emperor. This was carried over into the updated 1947 law. The new amendment is the first to the main text since 1949.
A nationwide opinion poll carried out by the Japanese newspaper Mainichi Shimbun in late March found that 61% of people surveyed supported the idea of a female emperor, with 9% saying they were against the notion. A further poll of more than 2,000 people conducted from 20 to 21 June saw 73% vote in favour of a female emperor.
Some conservative political figures in Japan, including Sanae Takaichi - the nation's first woman prime minister - remain opposed to female succession.
Hideya Kawanishi, a professor at Nagoya University and expert on Japan's imperial system, told AFP that the new bill "fails to reflect public opinion".
"For the conservative camp of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and the likes, the overriding goal is to preserve the male-line, male-only succession to the throne, and that is precisely why they do not want to listen to the voices of the people," Kawanishi said.
"This is because the solid conservative base that supports them harbours attitudes akin to male chauvinism, and this measure was probably necessary in order to secure their votes in elections," he added.