The government believes Italy's checks on travellers from Spain breach the spirit of Schengen and has given Rome until Sunday to lift them before taking "proportionate measures."
The Spanish government has issued an ultimatum to Italy, demanding that it lift border controls imposed on travellers coming from Spain by Sunday, arguing that the measure is "unjust, contrary to the interests of the European Union and discriminatory towards the Spanish population."
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If the measures remain in place, the administration of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez warned that it will adopt "proportionate measures" to defend the interests of Spanish citizens, but gave no details about what those measures might be.
In a statement released on Friday, the Spanish government argues that the decision taken by Rome on 1 August "is based on spurious arguments incompatible with the Schengen Borders Code and with the facts."
Italy justified the temporary reintroduction of checks after the mass arrival of migrants in Ceuta, although the inspections mainly affect air and sea traffic between the two countries.
The Spanish government points out that none of the migrants who entered Ceuta irregularly last week were allowed to move freely within the Schengen area, as the autonomous city has a special status.
It also stressed that the vast majority have already returned to Morocco and rejected the idea that this migrant crisis poses any risk to the other EU member states.
Spain also noted that, according to Frontex data, Italy has recorded in recent years the highest number of irregular crossings of the European Union's external borders, in some periods double Spain's figures.
It also criticised the Italian government for breaching the Dublin Regulation since 2022, shifting greater migratory pressure onto the rest of its European partners.
The government further underlined that Spain never responded with border controls despite that situation and recalled that it showed solidarity with Italy by taking in some of the migrants who arrived in Lampedusa in 2023 and by repeatedly opening its ports to people rescued on the Central Mediterranean route.
The government expressed confidence that "commitment to the European project, common sense and good faith" will prevail and accuses the Italian government of stoking "divisions and pointless conflicts driven by domestic electoral motives."