Explosions were reported in Israel after a US submarine sank an Iranian warship, prompting Tehran to threaten the destruction of military and economic infrastructure across the region.
In what marks the first vote on the conflict in the Middle East, Senate Republicans voted down an effort to halt the US-Israeli war against Iran.
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The legislation that failed on a 47-53 vote tally is known as a war powers resolution, which would have limited US President Donald Trump's power to carry out further attacks without congressional approval.
The decision comes after Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth announced on Wednesday that the war could be extended by eight weeks, longer than the administration's initial expected timeline.
On Wednesday, Hegseth told reporters at the Pentagon that the United States has spared "no expense of capability" to enhance air defence systems to protect US forces and allies in the Middle East, while acknowledging that some Iranian attacks may still hit their targets.
“This does not mean we can stop everything, but we ensured that the maximum possible defence and maximum possible force protection was set up before we went on offence,” he said.
While Trump praised the US military for "doing very well on the war front," the absence of a clear exit plan has fuelled concern among many Americans, who were already wary of entering the conflict.
Aerial attacks continued for a sixth day, with Iran launching missiles at Israel early on Thursday after a US submarine torpedoed an Iranian warship, which sunk in international waters off Sri Lanka's coast.
Shortly after the Israeli military announced it began new strikes against Hezbollah in Beirut's suburbs in Lebanon, air sirens sounded across Tel Aviv and Jersusalem.
The US and Israel launched a surprise attack on Iran on Saturday, with strikes further escalating on Wednesday.
Meanwhile, Iran has continued launching strikes across the Gulf states, with reported strikes on Kuwait and Bahrain, as neighbouring states brace for further escalation after Tehran threatened “the complete destruction of the region’s military and economic infrastructure".
According to authorities, more than 1,000 people were reportedly killed in Iran, over 70 in Lebanon and around a dozen in Israel since the start of the war on Saturday.
The escalating conflict has also disrupted the supply of world's oil and gas, as well as international shipping, resulted in airspace closures and flight cancellations and caused widespread travel disruption across the Middle East.
Kurdish dissident groups prepare to join the fight
Iran said Thursday it had targeted headquarters of Kurdish forces in Iraqi Kurdistan, according to Iranian state media.
"We targeted the headquarters of Kurdish groups opposed to the revolution in Iraqi Kurdistan with three missiles," Iran's official IRNA news agency posted on Telegram, quoting a military statement.
In recent days, Kurdish opposition groups have been in contact with the US for a potential cross-border military operation in Iran.
Several Kurdish opposition groups that are exiled in Iraq announced the formation of a political coalition last month with the goal of overthrowing the Islamic republic and achieving self-determination.