The deployment was announced the same day the foreign ministers of Denmark and Greenland met with US Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Washington.
European military personnel began arriving in Greenland on Thursday, hours after a meeting between US, Danish and Greenlandic officials in Washington failed to resolve what Denmark's foreign minister called "fundamental disagreement" over the mineral-rich Arctic island.
France, Sweden, Germany and Norway announced Wednesday they would deploy military personnel as part of a reconnaissance mission to Greenland's capital Nuuk.
Germany's defence ministry said Thursday that the reconnaissance mission to Greenland by several European NATO members aims "to explore options for ensuring security in light of Russian and Chinese threats in the Arctic".
"The first French military personnel are already on their way. Others will follow," French President Emmanuel Macron said on X.
"Soldiers of NATO are expected to be more present in Greenland from today and in the coming days. It is expected that there will be more military flights and ships," Greenland's Deputy Prime Minister Mute Egede told a news conference Wednesday, adding they would be conducting "training".
Germany's defence ministry said a 13-strong Bundeswehr reconnaissance team would deploy to Nuuk from Thursday to Sunday at Denmark's invitation.
The deployment was announced the same day the foreign ministers of Denmark and Greenland met with US Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Washington.
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen, speaking after leaving the White House, said a US takeover of Greenland was "absolutely not necessary."
"We didn't manage to change the American position. It's clear the president has this wish of conquering Greenland," Løkke told reporters. "We therefore still have a fundamental disagreement, but we also agree to disagree."
US President Donald Trump has repeatedly vowed to take control of the autonomous Danish territory, arguing it is vital for US security.
Trump: 'I think something will work out'
Trump, speaking after the meeting which he did not attend, for the first time sounded conciliatory on Greenland, acknowledging Denmark's interests even as he again said he was not ruling out any options.
"I have a very good relationship with Denmark, and we'll see how it all works out. I think something will work out," Trump said without explaining further.
He reiterated that Denmark was powerless if Russia or China sought to occupy Greenland, but added, "There's everything we can do."
Trump has appeared emboldened on Greenland after ordering a surprise 3 January attack in Venezuela that removed Nicolás Maduro.
On the streets of Nuuk, red-and-white Greenlandic flags flew in shop windows, on apartment balconies and on cars and buses in a show of national unity this week.
Some residents described anxiety from finding themselves at the centre of the geopolitical spotlight.
"It's very frightening because it's such a big thing," said Vera Stidsen, 51, a teacher in Nuuk. "I hope that in the future we can continue to live as we have until now: in peace and without being disturbed."