The pontiff is set to deliver a mass in the centre of Madrid before moving elsewhere in Spain to Barcelona and the Canary islands. Pope Leo XIV is also expected to deliver an unprecedented address to the Spanish parliament, where immigration is expected to take centre stage.
Pope Leo XIV called for an end to "polarising narratives" and "sterile simplifications" on Saturday as he embarks on a week-long visit to Spain expected to focus on the divisive issue of immigration.
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The pontiff also thanked Spain, whose Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has clashed with US President Donald Trump over Iran and with Israel over the war in Gaza, for its "faithful adherence to international law and multilateralism".
Speaking at the royal palace in Madrid, where he was received by King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia, he praised Spain's "active commitment to peace and solidarity among peoples".
The US-born pope himself has been harshly criticised by Trump for his anti-war views.
The pope said the message of peace "at present unfortunately strikes some as naive and others as confrontational", but should instead be "welcomed by those who do not shut themselves off in pre-conceived ideologies".
In contrast with many of its European allies, Spain's left-wing government has a relatively liberal immigration policy.
But it is under pressure from the main conservative Popular Party and far-right, anti-immigration Vox, the third political force in the country.
Leo later met beneficiaries of a centre for the homeless run by Catholic charity Caritas, extolling its mission against mistaken "secular ideologies" and those who "dismiss or ridicule charitable works".
In the evening, the 70-year-old pontiff led a prayer vigil at a square next to Real Madrid's Santiago Bernabeu stadium filled with 500,000 mostly young people, according to an official tally.
The faithful, including many families and children, gave him a rock-star welcome with chants, cheers and Spanish and Vatican flags, while youngsters danced and jumped in circles before Leo XIV's arrival.
The state visit, also set to focus on social justice and inequality, will include an unprecedented address to the Spanish parliament and a meeting with victims of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church.
Around 200,000 minors are estimated to have suffered abuse in Spain since 1940, according to a 2023 report from the country’s national ombudsman.
Speaking to reporters on the plane before landing in Madrid, Leo said abuse remained "an open wound".
King Felipe hailed the pope's "clarity and firmness" on the issue, saying they were "essential in the process of healing and reparation of the damage inflicted".
Sanchez's government and the Catholic Church in Spain signed an agreement in March to compensate victims after years of reticence and opacity from the Catholic hierarchy.
On Sunday, around a million people are set to attend the pope's mass in the city centre of Madrid.
The pontiff will then travel to Barcelona, where on Wednesday he will bless the new tower of the Sagrada Familia Basilica, now the world's tallest church.
He will then travel to the Canary Islands for a two-day visit starting on Thursday, where he will be joined by Sanchez to honour thousands of migrants who have died making their treacherous journeys towards Europe in search for a better life.