As wildfires rage across parts of Europe, the WHO has warned of a sharp rise in wildfires across the region and their growing toll on human health.
This summer, wildfires have broken out in France, Germany, Greece, Spain and Portugal, with firefighters killed while battling blazes in France and Italy. From the start of the year until 22 July, 1,254 fires have been detected in Europe, emitting over 8.31 million tonnes of CO₂.
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Concerningly, wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense in Europe, WHO Europe said on Friday. Portugal and Spain have each reported a 100% increase in wildfires this year compared with the same period in 2025. Since 2022, the number of wildfires has risen by 57% across the WHO European Region. Last year alone, around 2.2 million hectares burned, while 254,388 hectares had already been destroyed by 22 July this year, according to the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS).
And it is only going to get worse.
“As climate change drives a warming world, we need to prepare for more frequent and intense wildfires,” WHO Europe chief Hans Henri P. Kluge said.
Fires not only destroy livelihoods, force evacuations, disrupt healthcare systems and claim lives, but also take a toll on human health even miles away.
“The health impacts extend far beyond the flames,” said
Wildfire smoke can travel hundreds of kilometres, worsening air quality far from the fire zone. It contains a hazardous mix of pollutants, such as PM2.5, NO2, ozone, aromatic hydrocarbons and lead. When fires burn homes or buildings, they can also release toxic chemicals from electronics, furniture, plastics and paints.
“Smoke can travel long distances, worsening heart and respiratory conditions and affecting mental health, particularly among older people, children, pregnant women and those with chronic diseases,” Kluge said.
He called on governments to ensure timely “wildfire, weather and air-quality alerts, clear health advice, and accessible primary and emergency care.”
“People living in or travelling through affected areas should follow official advice, move away from active fires when it is safe, avoid unnecessary travel, and wear a well-fitting protective mask if they must go outdoors near wildfire smoke,” Kluge said.
