A new study says the the Arctic is experiencing rapid change "beyond anything previously experienced" and in ways that will fundamentally affect both people and ecosystems.
- Fossil fuel warning
- 19 “regime shifts” identified
- Some communities adapting better than others
The warning
ADVERTISEMENTUnless the world stops burning fossil fuels that are fuelling global warming, irreversible changes in the Arctic could have disastrous effects for the people that live there and for the rest of the planet.
This is the conclusion of researchers working for the Arctic Council, who say the frozen region’s ecosystems are fundamentally threatened by climate change and other human activities like oil and gas extraction.
The study highlights the importance of having the right laws and systems in place so Arctic communities can make collective decisions about how best to face up to climate change.
The Arctic is changing at an unprecedented pace. Learn more in the new #Arctic Resilience Report https://t.co/WlMZiLDcSR#ARR2016pic.twitter.com/7uFg8bmj1y
— Arctic Council (@ArcticCouncil) November 28, 2016
Sea ice in both Antarctica and the Arctic are at record lows for the first time, scientists say. Here's what to know https://t.co/VYodOkLO3ppic.twitter.com/QiPJbVCQsV
— CNN (@CNN) November 26, 2016
The details
19 “regime shifts” have been identified.
These are major, hard-to-predict tipping points that have or could occur in the Arctic’s land and water.
They include a switch to sea-ice free summers and the collapse of various fish stocks.
These shifts affect the instability of the climate and landscape, the ability of plant and animal species to survive and indigenous people’s subsistence and ways of life, the report says.
The potential impacts of Arctic regime shifts on the rest of the world are “substantial” but poorly understood.
Why melting Arctic ice can cause uncontrollable #climatechange – video report – https://t.co/Fww5E0j0mW
— Paul Dawson (@PaulEDawson) November 27, 2016
Identifying Potential Arctic Regime Shifts
Drivers -> Regime Shifts -> Impact on Benefits to People
Figure 3.2 #ARR2016pic.twitter.com/28uQ9Kub9m— Arctic Resilience (@ArcticResiliens) November 27, 2016
Indigenous solutions
The report explores how communities in Arctic countries, from Finland to Russia and Canada, are dealing with the changes underway.
Some are adapting far better than others, it has found.
The Inuit of Cape Dorset in Canada’s Nunavut territory have transformed themselves from nomadic hunters into internationally-recognised artists based on their traditional crafts.
And in Iceland, reduced cod quotas and increases in whale populations after a hunting moratorium pushed Húsavík’s fishing community to turn itself into one of the country’s whale-watching hotspots.
However, other places have not proved so resilient.
In Sweden, Sámi reindeer herders have struggled to cope as it becomes harder to feed animals and move around due to shrinking ice.
Other communities in Russia, Greenland and Alaska have run into problems with efforrts to relocate.
New report from
ArcticCouncil</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/SEIclimate">SEIclimate identifies 19 “regime shifts” in the Arctic https://t.co/Pp7siySueSeyeonthearctic</a> <a href="https://t.co/MxASHGjPgb">pic.twitter.com/MxASHGjPgb</a></p>— Radio Sweden (radiosweden) November 25, 2016
What is the Arctic Council?
An intergovernmental forum working to protect the region’s environment.
Quick fact: The #Arctic Council works on consensus. All 8 member States agree to its actions, projects + statements. pic.twitter.com/HTGdyYYhjQ
— Arctic Council (@ArcticCouncil) November 25, 2016
What they are saying
“Arctic ecosystems are changing in dramatic ways: the ice is melting, sea levels are rising, coastal areas are eroding, permafrost is thawing and the areas where plants and animals live are shifting,” – the Arctic Council report
“If multiple regime shifts reinforce each other, the results could be potentially catastrophic,” – Johann Rockström, director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre.