Some of the winter's coldest weather so far hit travel in Britain, France and the Netherlands on Monday, closing roads, grounding flights and forcing train cancellations.
After heavy snowfall on Monday, Paris rooftops were blanketed in snow as temperatures dropped below freezing.
The French capital turned white, offering a quiet, romantic backdrop for tourists taking photos near landmarks such as the Arc de Triomphe, while creating hazardous conditions for drivers as snow settled on already icy roads and pavements.
Temperatures were expected to fall further overnight, reaching around -4°C (24°F).
