In a high-stakes meeting of interior ministers, Austria was the only country that opposed Romania's accession into Schengen.
ADVERTISEMENTRomanian President Klaus Iohannis has blasted Austria for single-handedly blocking his country's accession into the EU's passport-free Schengen Area, calling the move "inexplicable," "regrettable" and "unjustified."
"A single member state chose to ignore these realities and block European unanimity, in an inexplicable way that is difficult to understand for the entire European Union," Iohannis said in a statement, a translated copy of which was shared with Euronews.
"The regrettable and unjustified attitude of Austria (...) risks affecting European unity and cohesion, which we need so much, especially in the current geopolitical context," he added, referring to Russia's war in Ukraine.
Additionally, Romania has recalled its own ambassador to Austria, Emil Hurezeanu, for consultations, a political gesture that, according to Romania's Foreign Affairs Ministry, underlines the country's "firm disagreement" with Austria's decision and suggests diplomatic relations will diminish.
The reaction follows a high-stakes meeting of interior ministers on Thursday: Austria was the only country that opposed Romania's -- and Bulgaria's -- admission into the Schengen Area, which has abolished border checks between the vast majority of EU member states.
The Netherlands endorsed Romania's bid but was against Bulgaria's over rule-of-law concerns.
Admitting new Schengen members requires a unanimous vote.
On the other hand, both Austria and the Netherlands approved Croatia's candidacy, a country that entered the European Union six years after Romania.
Croatia will join Schengen as of January 2023.
Thursday's negative outcome was a heavy political blow for Bucharest, which had gathered strong support from the European Commission, the European Parliament and most EU countries, including the bloc's two heavyweights, Germany and France.
The Commission has repeatedly insisted Romania is ready to be part of Schengen after having fulfilled all technical and legal conditions, including border management and police cooperation.
"The citizens of Bulgaria and Romania deserve to be fully part of the Schengen area," Ylva Johansson, European Commissioner for home affairs, said on Thursday.
But none of this was enough to overcome Austria's veto.
Why did Austria block Schengen membership?
Vienna argues that a new influx of asylum-seekers through the Western Balkans route is a reason strong enough to postpone Schengen enlargement.
The country says it has received 75,000 unregistered migrants this year, a number that poses a "security issue that we cannot wipe away", according to Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer.
"The European asylum system has failed," Nehammer said last month. "The Schengen expansion will not take place like this."
In the days prior to the vote in Brussels, President Iohannis and other Romanian officials tried to counter Austria's arguments, saying there was no "uncontrolled" flow of migrants passing through the country and that Romania was well prepared to defend Schengen's external borders.
Iohannis and Nehammer, who belonged to the same political family, the centre-right European People's Party (EPP), met as recently as Tuesday, during an EU-Western Balkans summit in Tirana, Albania.
ADVERTISEMENT"(The) lack of consensus regarding Romania's accession to Schengen, due to Austria's opposition, is profoundly unfair for our country and for Romanian citizens," Iohannis said after the negative outcome.
"Romania deserved to receive a favourable vote."
'We will not stop until we achieve it'
In his reaction statement, Iohannis thanked all the member states who backed his country's long-stalled Schengen bid and vowed to act "responsibly" to strengthen the EU's internal security.
"Dear Romanians, Romania does not stop here!" the president wrote. "Schengen accession is our strategic objective and we will not stop until we achieve it."
It's unclear when a new vote on Schengen will take place, as Austria's concerns touch upon a broader issue of shortcomings and failures within the area rather than upon Romania's and Bulgaria's own readiness.
ADVERTISEMENTSweden will replace the Czech Republic at the helm of the EU Council's rotating presidency in early January and will be tasked with setting the agenda of ministerial meetings.
Austrian President Alexander Van der Bellen, who holds a ceremonial position of power, expressed sympathy towards Romania and Bulgaria.
"It is true that Austria is in a difficult situation due to the very high number of asylum seekers. But the Schengen blockade does not contribute to a solution," Van der Bellen wrote on his Twitter account.
"We can only meet the challenges (in the field of) migration together with our partners in the EU. I hope that a solution through dialogue is possible soon."
Schengen enables cross-border travel without the need to carry a passport or pass through border controls. It currently encompasses 26 countries, including 22 EU member states, and almost 420 million citizens.
ADVERTISEMENTJoining Schengen is a legal obligation for every EU country.
Only Ireland, which negotiated an opt-out clause decades ago, and Cyprus, which remains split between north and south, have not applied to enter the passport-free area.
This article has been updated to include new reactions and developments.