Schools close as New Delhi struggles to emerge from 'severe' smog

Smog in New Delhi, India.
Smog in New Delhi, India. Copyright AFP
By APTN
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Earlier this month, air quality levels fell to the “severe” category in the capital and residents faced bouts of severe pollution for a number of days.

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Schools closed and coal-based power plants shut down as the Indian capital was smothered in smog this week.

The strict measures were put into place to combat worsening air pollution, following an order from the federal environment ministry.

The measures come as India’s top court deliberates whether New Delhi should go into a lockdown as a blanket of thick, grey smog continued to envelope the city, particularly in the mornings. The panel issued the guidelines on Tuesday night to stem the pollution and to show residents that the government was taking action to control an environmental crisis that has been plaguing the capital for years.

Besides the closure of schools, the Commission for Air Quality Management ordered a stop to construction activities until 21 November and banned trucks carrying non-essential goods. The panel also directed New Delhi and surrounding states to "encourage" work from home for half of the employees in all private offices.

Despite some improvement in New Delhi air over the past two days, readings of dangerous particles this week were still as high as seven times the safe level, climbing above 300 micrograms per cubic meter in some parts of the city.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) designates the safe level for the tiny, poisonous particles at 25.

And forecasters warn air quality would worsen before the arrival of cold winds next week that will blow away the smog.

Earlier this month, air quality levels fell to the “severe” category in the capital and residents faced bouts of severe pollution for a number of days. It prompted a stern warning last week from India’s Supreme Court, which ordered state and federal governments to take “imminent and emergency” measures to tackle what it called a crisis.

MONEY SHARMA/AFP or licensors
Commuters make their way amid heavy smog conditions pass an anti-smog gun (not pictured) spraying water to curb air pollution in New Delhi on November 16, 2021.MONEY SHARMA/AFP or licensors

Why is New Delhi one of the most polluted cities?

Among the many Indian cities gasping for breath, New Delhi tops the list every year. The crisis deepens particularly in the winter when the burning of crop residues in neighbouring states coincides with cooler temperatures that trap deadly smoke.

That smoke travels to New Delhi, leading to a surge in pollution in the city of more than 20 million people.

Emissions from industries with no pollution-control technology, pollutants from firecrackers linked to festivals, and construction dust also sharply increase in winter months.

More than a million Indians die every year because of air pollution-related diseases.

Several studies have estimated that more than a million Indians die every year because of air pollution-related diseases.

The capital has often experimented with limiting the number of cars on the road to lower vehicular emissions, using large anti-smog guns and halting construction activity. But the steps have had little effect.

Experts say such emergency measures are not helpful in the long run.

"These are done only to ensure that you don’t worsen the situation, that you shave off the peak. But it is not a silver bullet that is going to just clean the air immediately,” says Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director at the Centre for Science and Environment, a research and advocacy organisation in New Delhi.

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