US President Joe Biden promised to make Saudi Arabia a "pariah" on his campaign trail two years ago, but energy and security concerns have forced a changed stance.
ADVERTISEMENTPresident Joe Biden will discuss energy supply, human rights, and security cooperation in Saudi Arabia on Friday on a trip designed to restart the US relationship with a country he once pledged to make a "pariah" on the world stage.
Biden will hold meetings with Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, known as MbS, along with other government officials, a senior Biden administration official told reporters.
US intelligence concluded that MbS directly approved the 2018 murder of Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi, while the crown prince denies having a role in the killing.
White House advisers have declined to say whether Biden will shake hands with the prince, the kingdom's de facto ruler. Biden will meet with a broader set of Arab leaders at a summit in the Red Sea port city of Jeddah on Saturday.
"The president's going to meet about a dozen leaders and he'll greet them as he usually does," the administration official said.
Khashoggi killing 'a gruesome atrocity,' says Saudi ambassador
At the start of Biden's trip to the Middle East, officials said he would avoid close contact, such as shaking hands, as a precaution against COVID-19. But the president ended up engaging in hand-shaking in Israel.
Biden said on Thursday his position on Khashoggi's murder was "absolutely" clear. Biden made his "pariah" comment less than two years ago after the journalist's killing and while campaigning for president.
Biden said that he would raise human rights in Saudi Arabia, but he did not say specifically if he would broach the Khashoggi murder with its leaders.
Saudi ambassador to the United States Reema bint Bandar Al Saud reiterated the kingdom's "abhorrence" of the killing, describing it as a gruesome atrocity, and said it could not define US-Saudi ties in an article for US-based Politico.
She said the relationship should also not be seen in the "outdated and reductionist" oil-for-security paradigm.
"The world has changed, and the existential dangers facing us all, including food and energy security and climate change, cannot be resolved without an effective US-Saudi alliance," she said.
Khashoggi's fiancee, Hatice Cengiz, said Biden’s decision to visit Saudi Arabia is “heartbreaking”.
Even after the harsh international criticism over the Khashoggi killing, the prince did not change course. Despite legal reforms to curb the death penalty, only four months ago the kingdom carried out its largest mass execution in recent memory of 81 men convicted on broad terrorism charges, around half of whom were minority Shiites.
“It’s never been a country where you can speak freely, but what we’ve seen in the past five years is a total shutdown of the space for any public criticism or any hint that you might disagree with the authorities,” said Adam Coogle, deputy director for the region at Human Rights Watch.
Truce in Yemen and tech cooperation
Energy and security interests prompted the president and his aides to decide not to isolate the kingdom, the world's top oil exporter and regional powerhouse that has been strengthening ties with Russia and China, particularly at a time of Gulf concern over perceived U.S. disengagement from the region.
The United States is eager to see Saudi Arabia and its OPEC partners pump more oil to help bring down the high cost of gasoline and ease the highest U.S. inflation in four decades.
"The Saudis definitely are intending to boost capacity and with oil prices so high they have the wherewithal to do that, particularly as they see production constraints elsewhere in a market that is still growing," said Daniel Yergin, S&P Global vice chairman and an expert in world energy markets.
Biden will encourage peace and press for a more integrated Middle East during his trip, the official said.
ADVERTISEMENT"We will be covering a host of bilateral and regional issues, really capping many months of diplomacy and positioning the United States and our partners for the future in a manner that advances our interests and theirs," he said.
Topics include strengthening a truce in the war in Yemen, "balance" in energy markets and technological cooperation in 5G and 6G, he said.
The Saudi envoy said the efforts of the two countries to ensure peace and security should focus on enhancing cooperation and "reinforcing a rules-based system" to confront the "vision of chaos promoted by Iran".
Gulf states share Israel's concerns about Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programmes and Tehran's proxies in the region where Saudi Arabia and Shi'ite-majority Iran have vied for influence.
During his visit to Israel on the first leg of the Middle East trip, Biden and Prime Minister Yair Lapid signed a joint pledge to deny Iran nuclear arms, which Tehran denies seeking. read more
ADVERTISEMENTBiden will be the first American president to fly from Israel directly to Jeddah, a move the White House says represents a “small symbol” of warming ties between Israel and Saudi Arabia, which gave a tacit nod for the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain to forge ties with Israel two years ago.
Ahead of Biden's visit, Saudi Arabia said it would open its airspace to all air carriers, paving the way for more overflights to and from Israel -- a decision applauded by Washington.